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Medical and Science
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Also referred to as
earth's atmosphere, air consists of the following gases
78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon
dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable
amount (average around 1%) of water vapor. This mixture
of gases is commonly known as air. There is no definite
boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. It
slowly becomes thinner and fades into space. Three
quarters of the atmosphere's mass is within 11 km of the
planetary surface. The Kármán line, at 100 km (328,000
ft), is also frequently regarded as the boundary between
atmosphere and outer space.
The Troposphere: The
troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere; it
begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km
(23,000 ft) at the poles and 17 km (60,000 ft) at the
equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
The Stratosphere:
The stratosphere extends from the troposphere's 7 to 17
km (23 – 60,000 ft) range to about 50 km (160,000 ft).
Temperature increases with height. The stratosphere
contains the ozone layer, the part of the Earth's
atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations
of ozone. "Relatively high" means a few parts per
million - much higher than the concentrations in the
lower atmosphere but still small compared to the main
components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in
the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately
15 to 35 km (50 – 115,000 ft) above Earth's surface,
though the thickness varies seasonally and
geographically.
The
Mesosphere: The mesosphere extends from about
50 km (160,000 ft) to the range of 80 to 85 km (265 –
285,000 ft), temperature decreasing with height.
The Thermosphere:
The thermosphere extends from 80 – 85 km (265 – 285,000
ft) to 640+ km (400+ mi), temperature increasing with
height.
The
Ionosphere: The ionosphere is the part of the
atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. It plays
an important part in atmospheric electricity and forms
the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical
importance because, among other functions, it influences
radio propagation to distant places on the Earth. It is
located in the thermosphere and is responsible for
auroras.
The
Exosphere: The exosphere extends from 500 –
1000 km (300 – 600 miles) up to 10,000 km (6,000 miles),
free-moving particles that may migrate into and out of
the magnetosphere or the solar wind.
Information
obtained from the Wikipedia web site. Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia. |
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