A black hole,
according to the general theory of relativity, is a
region of space from which nothing, including light, can
escape. It is the result of the deformation of spacetime
caused by a very compact mass. Around a black hole there
is an undetectable surface which marks the point of no
return, called an event horizon. It is called "black"
because it absorbs all the light that hits it,
reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in
thermodynamics. Under the theory of quantum mechanics,
black holes possess a temperature and emit Hawking
radiation, but for black holes of stellar mass or larger
this temperature is much lower than that of the cosmic
background radiation.
Despite its invisible
interior, a black hole can be observed through its
interaction with other matter. A black hole can be
inferred by tracking the movement of a group of stars
that orbit a region in space. Alternatively, when gas
falls into a stellar black hole from a companion star,
the gas spirals inward, heating to very high
temperatures and emitting large amounts of radiation
that can be detected from earthbound and Earth-orbiting
telescopes.
Astronomers have identified numerous
stellar black hole candidates, and have also found
evidence of supermassive black holes at the center of
galaxies. In 1998, astronomers found compelling evidence
that a supermassive black hole of more than 2 million
solar masses is located near the Sagittarius A* region
in the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and more recent
results using additional data find evidence that the
supermassive black hole is more than 4 million solar
masses.
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