ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE - PART 3 ....continued

Basis, Mechanisms and way of Evolution of the Vegetable and Animal Kingdom - Ways of evolution represented for example on the evolution of vertebrates - Morphological homologies I: Cells and cellular structures - Common structure plan of limbs of the vertebrates - Morphological homologies II: Construction plans of molluscs - Morphological homologies III: Formation of notochord and vertebrae - Morphological homologies IV: Graduation of the vertebrate brains - Graduation of the vertebrate heart - The development of vertebrate kidneys - Graduation of the vertebrate lung - Homologies in metabolism I: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an universal energy carrier - Homologies in metabolism II: Comparison between various processes of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis - Homologies in fundamental vital functions: Mitosis in onion root tips - Petrified tree-trunks in the national park ‘petrified forest’ Arizona USA - Petrified swordtail (Xiphosura) from the Jurassic period (Solnhofen, Germany) - Extinct linking animals: Ichthyostega and Archaeopteryx - Archaeopteryx: Reconstruction and fossil - Living fossil: Swordtail Limulus (Xiphosura) - Important living fossils in invertebrates, vertebrates and vascular plants - Parallelism in the evolution between African and South American animals - Nauplius larvae of various crustacean groups - Embryonic stages of various vertebrate classes - The ancestral development of the horse foot - Foot skeletons of artiodactyla - Embryos with gill clefts. The biogenetic law after HAECKEL - Pelvic rudiments of a whale - Irregular dew-claw of a horse (atavism) - Phylogeny of behavioural pattern in ducks - Biochemical relationship of serum albumins of mammals - Theory of catastrophes according to CUVIER - The Lamarckian theory (inheritance of acquired characteristics) and the Darwinian theory (natural selection) - Modification I: Curves of variation - Different grows of two plantains, one taken from a field, the other taken from a forest - Modification II: Dissimilar growth of parts of a dandelion plant, unsuccessful selection while culturing paramaecia - Modification and mutation - Mutation I: Mutagenous effects and mutability - Mutation II: Types of mutation - Mutation III: Various frequency of gen mutations (‘hot spots’) - Mutation IV: Mutagenic effect by nitrous acid on DNA - Recombination in grass parakeets - Allopolyploidy in wheat - Selection I: Kinds of selection - Selection II: Natural selection and selection by man - Selection III: Cryptic appearance and warning colouration - Selection IV: Quick selection by preadaptation. Industrial melanism of peppered moth (Amphidasys betularia) - Selection V: Extinction of whole animal groups caused by extreme selection - Isolation I: The continental drift theory - Isolation II: Geographical and ecological isolation - The finches of Darwin as an example for endemism - Isolation III: Isolation during reproduction in frogs - Species splitting by separation - Evolution speed. Gene shift - Adaptive radiation of marsupials and mammals - The theory of evolution by synthesis. The co-operation of evolutionary factors in course of time. Genetic landscape - Transspecific evolution. Total view - Principles of the development of forms I: Improvement - Principles of the development of forms II: Gigantism - Principles of the development of forms III: Overdevelopment (hypertely) in a beetle (Lamellicornia) - Spiral lines of ontogeny - Evolutionary history of the horse - Phylogenetic tree based on the structural relationship of cytochrome C - Moss (Bryophytes). Life cycle with all development stages - Fern (Pteridophytes). Life cycle with all development stages - Pine (Gymnospermae). Life cycle with all development stages - The evolution of languages out of the Indo-European primitive language.