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BOTANY PART 2 - PHANEROGAMS....continued Cells and Tissues: - Epidermal cells of Allium cepa (onion) shows typical plant cells - Epidermal cells of Allium cepa, colour graphic design - Mitosis: l.s. of root tip of Allium cepa (onion), all stages in one picture - Cell division (mitosis) of Allium cepa, onion, 8 stages, colour schematic design - Meiosis, t.s. of Lilium (lily) anthers showing pollen development - Meiosis: Lilium, zygotene stage, pairing of homologous chromosomes - Meiosis: Lilium, diplotene stage. Concentration and spiralization of pairs, chiasmata - Meiosis: Lilium, metaphase of first meiotic division, arrangement of chromosomes in the equatorial plate, top view - Meiosis: Lilium, anaphase of first meiotic division. Separation of chromosomes side view - Chloroplasts, w.m. of leaf of Elodea with large chloroplasts, bright field - Chloroplast in a mesophyll cell, electron photograph, low magnification - Chloroplast in a mesophyll cell, electron photograph, medium magnification - Chloroplast in a mesophyll cell, detailed electron photograph of the grana, high magnification - Chloroplasts, colour schematic design - Aleurone grains, sec. of Ricinus endosperm - Starch grains, sec. of tuber of potato (Solanum tuberosum) - Starch grains isolated, high magnification detail, polarized light - Fat, t.s. of endosperm of Corylus (hazel) stained for fat - Inulin crystals, t.s. of tuber of Dahlia - Calcium oxalate crystals in w.m. of dry Allium scale - Raphides, t.s. of Impatiens leaf - Stem apex and meristematic tissue of Asparagus l.s. - Tracheids, reticulate, annular, and spiral vessels, isolated and w.m. - Cork cells, t.s. bark of Quercus suber (oak) - Stone cells, t.s. fruit of Pyrus communis (pear) - Parenchyme cells, t.s. of marrow of Sambucus niger (elderberry) - Root tip and root hairs, epidermal origin of root hairs - Pinus, pine, older woody root t.s. Roots: - Zea mays, corn, root t.s., typical monocot polyarch root - Zea mays, corn, root t.s., colour graphic design - Convallaria, lily of the valley, t.s. of root shows endodermis, pericycle, phloem, xylem - Dendrobium, orchid, aerial root with velamen t.s. - Smilax, carrion flower, t.s. of root shows thickened endodermis - Salix, willow, l.s. of root showing origin of lateral roots - Ranunculus, buttercup, t.s. of a typical dicot root for general study - Ranunculus, t.s. of a typical dicot root, colour graphic design - Ranunculus, t.s. shows detail view of the vascular tissue with protoxylem - Medicago, alfalfa, root t.s. with second- ary growth - Taraxacum, dandelion, taproot with lactiferous vessels t.s. - Lupinus, root nodules with nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) t.s. - Alnus, alder, root nodules with symbiotic actinomycetes (Streptomyces) t.s. - Fagus, beech, root with ectotrophic mycorrhiza, t.s. - Neottia nidus avis, orchid, root with endotrophic mycorrhiza, l.s. - Cuscuta, dodder, t.s. stem of host showing the haustoria of the parasite - Cuscuta, entrance of haustoria into the host tissue, high magnification. Stems: - Pinus, older stem with annual rings, resin ducts t.s. - Zea mays, typical monocot stem with scattered bundles, t.s. - Zea mays, typical monocot stem, colour graphic design - Zea mays, t.s. of a vascular bundle high magnification detail - Triticum, wheat, t.s. stem of a gramineous plant with pith cavity and the ring-shaped arrangement of vascular bundles - Saccharum, sugarcane, stem t.s. - Helianthus, sunflower, typical dicot herbaceous stem t.s. showing open vascular bundles - Helianthus, sunflower, dicot herbaceous stem, colour graphic design - Cucurbita, pumpkin, l.s. of stem with sieve tubes and vascular bundles - Cucurbita, pumpkin, l.s. of stem, colour graphic design - Cucurbita, t.s. of stem showing surface of sieve tubes - Cucurbita pepo, t.s. of vascular bundle high magnification detail: xylem, phloem, sieve plates - Nymphaea, water lily, aquatic stem with idioblasts t.s. - Coleus, t.s. of a square stem showing collenchyma - Aristolochia, one year stem, t.s. - Aristolochia, older stem, t.s. - Fagus, beech, three sections of wood: cross, radial and tangential sections - Sambucus, elderberry, stem with lenticells t.s. - Tilia, lime, one year, stem t.s. - Tilia, two year stem t.s. - Tilia, three year stem t.s. - Elodea, waterweed, t.s. of aquatic stem showing primitive bundle - Piper nigra, pepper, t.s. of dicot stem with scattered bundles - Stem apex and meristematic tissue of Elodea, median l.s. showing leaf origin and growing point. Leaves: - Pinus, leaf (needle), t.s. of gymnosperm leaves - Pinus, leaf (needle), t.s., colour graphic design - Elaeagnus, olive tree, scale-like stellate hairs w.m. - Verbascum, mullein, branched leaf hairs w.m. - Tulipa, tulip, leaf epidermis with stomata w.m., showing stomata and guard cells - Stomata of leaf epidermis, surface view and section, colour graphic design - Zea mays, corn, monocot gramineous leaf t.s. - Typical monocot leaf, t.s., colour graphic design - Syringa, lilac, t.s. of a typical mesophytic dicot leaf for general study - Typical dicot leaf, t.s., colour graphic design - Elodea, t.s. of leaf showing the simple structure of an aquatic leaf - Nymphaea, water lily, floating leaf with air chambers t.s. - Nymphaea, water lily, t.s., colour graphic design - Nerium, oleander, leaf with sunken stomata, t.s. of a xerophytic leaf - Typical xerophytic leaf, t.s., colour graphic design - Agava, xerophytic leaf with thick epidermis t.s. - Coffea arabica, coffee, leaf t.s. - Dionaea, Venus flytrap, t.s. of leaf with digestive glands - Drosera, sundew, leaf with glandular hairs w.m. - Utricularia, bladderwort, w.m. of bladder - Aesculus, chestnut, t.s. of leaf bud showing bud squama and embedded folded leaves - Ficus elastica, India rubber plant, t.s. of leaf with cystoliths - Buxus, box, t.s. of xerophytic leaf with thickened cuticle and several palisade layers. Flowers and Fruits: - Pinus, pine, mature pollen grains w.m. - Pinus, male cone with pollen t.s. (staminate cone) - Pinus, median l.s. of young female cone, megasporophylls with bracts and ovuliferous scales, ovules - Pinus, median l.s. of first year female cone, general view with growing ovules - Pinus, ovule with archegonia, median l.s. - Pinus, embryo and endosperm, median l.s. showing cotyledons - Pinus, embryo and endosperm, t.s. showing cotyledons - Mixed pollen types, showing various forms of many different species - Lilium, anther t.s. showing pollen chambers and pollen grains - Lilium, ovary t.s., showing arrangement of ovules, general view - Lilium, ovary t.s., ovule shows embryosac with the megaspore mother cell, resting stage - Lilium, ovary t.s., embryoac showing the anaphase of the second homeotypic division with two division figures - Lilium, ovary t.s., mature eight nucleate embryosac with egg cell, synergidae, polar nuclei and antipodal cells - Lilium, l.s. of stigma with pollen and pollen tubes - Lilium, l.s. of growing pollen tube, showing the division of the generative cell into two sperm nuclei - Solanum, potato, t.s. of ovary with formation of embryos - Capsella, shepherd’s purse, l.s. of ovule with embryos in situ - Monocot flower bud, t.s. shows floral diagram - Dicot flower bud, t.s. shows floral diagram - Arum maculatum, cuckoopint, l.s. of flower, insect trap - Lycopersicum, tomato, t.s. of flower bud shows floral diagram and axile placentation - Phaseolus, bean, t.s. of pod showing pericarp and seed - Papaver, poppy, t.s. of flower shows parietal placentation - Solanum tuberosum, potato, t.s. flower bud for floral diagram - Taraxacum, dandelion, l.s. of composite flower with tubular and ligulate florets - Taraxacum, dandelion, composite flower, colour graphic design - Taraxa- cum, t.s. of composite flower - Cocos nucifera, coconut, endosperm t.s. - Citrus, lemon, young fruit t.s. - Triticum, wheat, t.s. of seed (grain) showing seed coat, endosperm with stored starch and embryo, entire view - Triticum, l.s. of seed (grain) showing all details, entire view, medium magnification - Triticum, l.s. through the embryo showing growing point of the stem, leaf origin, scutellum, primary root - Triticum, wheat, seed (grain), colour graphic design - Zea mays, corn, grain (seed) l.s. embryo and endosperm. |