14 minutes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration is organized into short-play learning modules, for concise instruction.

Cellular Respiration:

1. Glycolysis and Fermentation (2:17) Glycolysis produces a net gain of two ATPs from a molecule of glucose, breaking it down into pyruvic acid.
2. Mitochondrion Structure (1:36) The internal structure of a mitochondrion can be understood in terms of compartmentalizing ATP production.
3. Aerobic Respiration (1:36) This module presents an overview of how energy is extracted from organic molecules using oxygen.
4. Krebs Cycle (1:03) Animation shows key steps in the energy extracting reactions that occur in the matrix of a mitochondrion.
5. Electron Transport Chain (1:16) Driven by oxygens thirst for electrons, proteins on the inner membrane pump hydrogen ions into the inner membrane space, creating conditions for ATP synthesis.
6. ATP Synthesis (00:51) Enzyme complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane use a chemosynthetic process to synthesize ATP from ADP.

Photosynthesis:

7. Chloroplast Structure (00:44) The substructure of a chloroplast reflects its photosynthetic functions.
8. Light Trapping by Chlorophyll (00:55) Chlorophyll molecules form complexes that feed energized electrons into an electron transport chain.
9. The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis (1:26) These reactions produce ATP and NADPH, the energy carriers that drive biosynthesis.
10. The Light-Independent Reactions of Photosynthesis (1:18) A cycle of reactions creates PGAL, the universal building block of sugars and starches.