HORMONES AND HORMONE SYSTEMS - PARTS 1 AND 2....continued

Part I: Giving the basic insights in the nature and function of hormones, and shows the collaboration of hormones as well as their relation to the autonomic nervous system. - Effect of thyroxine therapy on a child, 2 figures - Effect of thyroxine therapy on a child - The human thyroid gland, situs - Exocrine and endocrine glands, diagrams - The human hormone glands, position, shape, size - Human thyroid gland, t.s. - Effect of thyroxine on Ambystoma: Development from aquatic to terrestrial form - Acceleration of tadpole development caused by thyroxine - Inhibition of growth of rabbits caused by thyroxine deficiency - Myxedema before and after thyroxine treatment - Cretinism caused by insufficiency of thyroid gland - Cretin with goitre - Endemic cretinism - Relation between iodine and goitre - Control of goitre by treatment with iodides - Basedow’s or Graves’ disease - The parathyroid glands, situs - The pancreas, situs - Islands of Langerhans, t.s. - Control of the blood sugar level by insulin and glucagon - Kidney and adrenal gland, sagittal l. s. - Kidneys and adrenal glands of a rabbit, situs - Human kidney and adrenal gland, entire view and section - Adrenal gland, t.s. - The control of blood sugar level by adrenalin - Child with "moonface" due to cortical tumour - Bull and ox, effect of castration - Castrated fowl, effect of castration on rooster and hen - Castrated rooster before and after treatment with sex hormone - Testis of mammal, t.s., showing details - Interstitial cells of Leydig, t.s. - Human ovary, diagram - Ovary with follicles in different stages, t.s. - Corpus luteum, t.s. - Effect of follicle hormone on growth of uterus - Location of pituitary gland and pineal body, sagittal l.s. of head - Human pituitary gland, l.s. showing the anterior and posterior lobe - Human pituitary gland, t.s. of anterior lobe, high magnification - Inhibition of growth of a dog caused by pituitary removal - Pituitary dwarfism in humans caused by hormone deficiency - Gigantism in humans caused by pituitary overactivity - Acromegaly of human - Adiposogenital dystrophy (Froehlich’s syndrome) - Gonadotropic pituitary effects on ovary - Relations between endocrine glands - Thymus of juvenile and adult person - Thymus with Hassall’s bodies, t.s. - Delayed development of tadpoles caused by feeding thymus - Comparison of feeding thyroid with feeding thymus

Part II: It demonstrates the development of hormone glands, the interaction of releasing and gonadotropic hormone as well as the feedback control of the peripheral hormones. Influence on the gene activity and protein synthesis, neurosecretion, second messenger and cascade mechanism. Dovetailed operation of different hormones, inhibiting and stimulating factors, animal production, anabolica, hormonal contraception, insect hormones and auxines. - Feedback on thyroid hormones, loop scheme - Feedback on thyroid hormones, hierarchic scheme - General diagram of feedback circuit - Feedback circuit for blood thyroxine level - Neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus produce thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - Hypothalamus and pituitary gland l.s. - Hypothalamus and pituitary gland with neurosecretory cells and vessels for TRH and TSH - Development of pituitary gland and primordium of thyroid gland - Thyroid follicles (three-dimensional) and functional states - Effect of TSH on thyroid gland - Biosynthesis, storage, transportation, and effect of thyroxine - Effect of inhibitors on secretion of thyroid gland - Blood calcium level and release of parathormone resp. calcitonin - Regulation of the blood calcium level, scheme - Synthesis of human insulin - Island of Langerhans, three-dimensional picture - Regulation of blood sugar level by A- and B-cells of the islands of Langerhans - Homeostatic regulating mechanism of the blood glucose level - Phylogenetic and embryonic development of the adrenal gland - The function of the adrenal medulla based on its origin from the sympathetic nervous system. - Biosynthesis of adrenaline, a beta-receptor blocker - Effect of noradrenaline and adrenaline on heart and vascular muscles - Second messenger and cascade mechanism at glycogenolysis - Catecholamines give special efficiency to the body in case of emergency - Daily stress and lack of exercise may cause angina pectoris and cardiac infarction - Structure and nomenclature of cortical hormones - Effects of the renal hormone renine and of the mineral corticosteroide aldosterone - The feedback mechanism on the secretion of aldosterone (hierarchic and loop scheme) - The feedback mechanism on the secretion of corticosterone (hierarchic scheme) - The feedback mechanism on the production of corticosterone (loop scheme) - Corticosterone affects gene activity - Effects of corticosterone - Increasing population density inhibits reproduction - Stress and animal breeding - The effect of nicotine and caffeine on the endocrine system - Adrenal androgens, relation between adreno-cortical and sexual hormones - Development of the gonads - Leydig’s cells and Sertoli’s cells - Control of the secretory action of male gonads (hierarchic scheme) - Secondary sex characters in humans - Recessive hereditary receptor defect causes female phenotype - The effect of anabolica - Control of ovarian functions (hierarchic scheme) - Processes during the menstrual cycle - Pregnancy: hormonal control by the blastocyst - Pregnancy: hormonal control by the placenta - The antibaby pill - hormonal contraception - Stimulation and maintenance of milk production - Long bones with epiphyseal line - Growth in length of a long bone - Hormonal control of growth (hierarchic scheme) - Hormone release in the posterior pituitary - Structure and effect of oxytocin - Effects of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) - Hormone production in head and thorax of an insect - Juvenile hormone (neotenin) and moulting hormone (ecdysone) - The cooperation of hormones during moulting (hierarchic scheme) - Moulting hormone ecdysone influences pattern of puffs - Quantitative analysis of hormones by bonding to proteins - Gibberellines promote growth - Germinating grain, drawing - Germinating grain, photograph - Growth of animal and plant cells - The coleoptile tip produces somatotropic hormone indolacetic acid - Polar movement of auxin in the coleoptile tip - Positive phototropism of coleoptile tip - Lateral illumination causes redistribution of auxin in the coleoptile tip - Action spectrum of phototropism and absorption spectrum indicate a flavoprotein to function as photoreceptor.