THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY - VOLUME 1 ..Continued

CONTENTS:

• 36 Overhead-Transparencies, size 22 x 28 cm, comprising 110 colour pictures, mostly with several component figures (anatomical pictures, photomicro- and macrographs, nature photographs, human photographs, electron micrographs, X-ray photographs, drawings, diagrams, tables, scenes, test data and results). The colour pictures were prepared by university illustrators specialising in this field.

• Sketch and work-sheets with semi-diagrammatic designs and texts. Teacher may take photocopies from the sheets and use for classroom work and tests.

• Brochure with depictured explanatory comments for the teacher. All in strong plastic file with ring-mechanism

The Human Skeleton - The human skeleton, front and rear view - Fine structure of bone, diagram - Structure of a long bone - Joints: diagram, hinge, ball-and-socket joint - Spinal column, cervical and thoracal vertebrae - Lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx - Articulations of the skull: skull, atlas, axis - Thorax and shoulder girdle - Skeleton of the arm, pronation and supination of the hand - The elbow joint - The skeleton of the hand - The skeleton of the foot - The pelvic girdle with and without its ligaments - The knee joint, menisci - The skull, anterior and lateral view - Skull with separated bones - X-ray of a dislocation - X-ray of a fracture.

The Human Muscular System - Human body showing the skeletal muscles, front and rear views - The structure of a skeletal muscle - The sensory and motor innervation of a muscle - The muscles of the head and the neck - The muscles of the trunk - The superficial and the deeper muscles of the back - The muscles of the shoulder, pairs of antagonists - Pronating and supinating muscles of the forearm - The muscles of the hand - The muscles of the leg and foot - The muscles of the pelvis - Flexors and extensors of the leg - Muscles for lifting and lowering the arm - Example of a complex muscular action.

The Human Respiratory System - General view - Position of the lungs in the thorax. Thorax with trachea, bronchi, and lungs - X-ray of human thorax, inspirated and expirated position - The larynx; front view, dorsal view, l.s. - Swallowing and breathing - Function of the arytenoid cartilages, glottis and vocal cords - Respiratory duct and air passages - Nasal cavity with its sinuses - Intercostal muscles during inspiration and expiration - Detailed structure of the lungs - Comparison of inspired and expired air - Diagram of gaseous exchange in the pulmonary alveoli - Volume of air respirated - Connection between work and respiration per minute - Regulation of respiration- Absorption of carbon monoxide and oxygen by haemoglobin - Smoke and sulphur dioxide-content of the air.

The Circulatory System I: Blood and Lymphatic Organs - Shape and size of an erythrocyte - Serum reactions to show hereditary relationship - Leucocytes with phagocyted bacteria - Composition of the blood - The steps of blood clotting, diagram - The AB0 blood group determination - Positive and negative reactions - Diagram to understand agglutination of the AB0-blood groups - Diagram to understand Rh-incompatibility - The human lymphatic system - Human immune system - Structure of a lymph node - The vascular system of the human spleen - Exchange of substances between blood capillaries, tissue, and lymph capillaries - Development of lymphocytes. Memory cells, plasma cells.

The Circulatory System II: Heart and Blood Vessels - The heart and the big vessels - Human heart, l.s. - Arterio-ventricular and semilunar valves - Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium - The cardiac cycle - Cycle of pressure and volume of the left ventricle. Blood pressure in the aorta, cardiac sounds - Heart, pulmonary and systemic loop - Stimulation and coordination of the heart. Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node - Human electrocardiogram - Diagram of human blood circulation. Big vessels and capillary networks - Arrangement for taking the human blood pressure - Diagram to explain the pulse during reduction of the pressure in the bag - The heart in the circulatory system of vertebrates - Artery and vein, three-dimensional designs.

Digestive System: Mouth, Oesophagus and Stomach - The human organs of nutrition - The deciduous and the permanent set of teeth - The types of teeth - Position and structure of the salivary glands - Human oesophagus, spatial diagram and section - Position and fixation of the human abdominal digestive organs. - Human stomach, spatial diagram, sections, gastric glands.

The Intestine - Small intestine, sections, mucous glands, principle of peristaltic movement - Structure of an intestinal villus - Human colon, l.s., low magnification - Human colon, spatial colour design and transverse section.

The Liver and the Pancreas - General structure of a liver lobule- Structure of a hepatic cord - Vascular systems of a liver lobule - Liver, t.s. showing liver lobules, bile ducts, diagram - Blood supply, exchange of substances of liver and small intestine - The venous system of the liver, portal vein and hepatic vein.

The Urinary Organs - The urinary organs, situs - Kidney, l.s., diagram - The blood vessels of the kidney - Nephron and glomerulus - Function of the kidney, the course of renal tubules, renal corpuscle.