BACTERIA, PARASITES AND HUMAN DISEASES.... continued

USEFUL AND HARMFUL BACTERIA: Spherical bacteria, cocci - Neisseria gonorrhoeae, causing gonorrhoea, diplococci methylene blue stained - Staphylococcus aureus, pus organism, smear from culture, Gram stained - Streptococcus pyogenes, smear from pus showing long chains, Gram stained - Streptococcus lactis, milk souring organisms, smear from culture showing short chains stained with methylene blue - Sarcinalutea, Gram stained - Gaffkya tetragena, meningitis, occurring in tetrads, Gram stained - Rod-shaped bacteria, non spore-forming, gram-positive - Mycobacterium tuberculosis, smear from positive sputum, doubly stained after Ziehl-Neelsen - Mycobacterium leprae, causing leprosy, direct smear from lesion, Ziehl-Neelsen stained - Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Gram stained - Rod-shaped bacteria, non spore-forming, gram-negative - Azotobacter, soil organisms, Gram stained - Bacterium prodigiosum (Serratia marcescens), chromogenic organisms, Gram stained - Aerobacter aerogenes, intestinal bacteria, Gram stained - Proteus vulgaris, causing putrefaction, smear from culture Gram - Acetobacter aceti, manufacture of vinegar, Gram stained - Escherichia coli, colon bacillus, Gram stained - Eberthella typhi, causing typhoid fever, Gram stained - Salmonella paratyphi, causing paratyphoid fever, smear Gram stain - Salmonella enteritidis, causes meat poisoning, smear Gram stained - Klebsiella pneumoniae (B. friedlanderi), causing pneumonia, special stained to show bacteria and capsules - Pasteurella pestis, causing plague, smear Gram stained - Hemophilus influenzae (Pfeiffer), smear Gram stained - Rhizobium radicicola, nitrogen fixing organisms, t.s. through root nodules of lupin with bacteria in situ (symbiosis) - Rhizobium radicicola, smear Gram stained - Bacterium erysipelatos, causing erysipelas, Gram stained - Rod-shaped bacteria, spore-forming (bacilli) - Bacillus subtilis, hay bacillus, bacilli and spores doubly stained with carbolfuchsine and methylene blue - Bacillus mycoides, large soil organisms growing in chains. Metachromatic staining of internal particles with gentian violet - Bacillus mesentericus, smear Gram stained - Bacillus anthracis, causing wool sorters disease, direct smear from infected spleen, Olt’s stain - Bacillus anthracis, spores stained - Clostridium septicum, spores stained - Clostridium tetani, causing lockjaw, special stained to show the terminal spores by the Ziehl-Neelsen method - Clostridium perfringens, special stained to show the central spores - Spiral bacteria and spirochaetes - Vibrio comma, causing Asiatic cholera, smear Gram stained - Rhodospirillum rubrum, chromogenic rods, smear Gram stained - Spirillum volutans, a very large flagellate spirillum, special stained to show the flagella - Spirochaeta duttoni (Borellia recurrentis), causes Central African relapsing fever, blood smear stained for spirochaetae - Treponema pallidum, section through syphilitic lesion, the spirochaetae are stained by Levaditi’s silver method - Miscellaneous groups - Bacteria from human intestine, mixed species Gram stained - Bacteria from mouth, cocci, bacilli, spirilli, and spirochaetae are shown. Gram stained for Gram positive and Gram negative organisms - Bacteria from mouth, cocci, bacilli, spirilli, and spirochaetae are shown, color raphic design - Bacteria from bread, methylene blue stained - Bacteria from yoghurt, carbolfuchsine stained - Streptomyces griseus, branched organisms (streptomycin), smear Gram stained - Actinomyces, causing lumpy jaw, smear stained - Sphaerotilus natans, from putrid water, long chains within sheaths - Bacteria of caries in l.s. of diseased human tooth, doubly stained. 

PARASITES OF HUMAN AND ANIMALS: Protozoa - Parasitic Protozoa: Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas, Balantidium, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Babesia, Entamoeba histolytica, E. coli - Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Fluorescein isothiocyanate, negative reaction - Indirect Fluorescent Anti-body Test (IFAT). Fluorescein isothiocyanate, positive reaction - Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Giemsa stained - Apathogenic trypanosomes, Giemsa stained - Trypanosoma brucei gambiense - Life Cycle - Trypanosoma cruzi - Life Cycle, Chagas disease - Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease, blood smear, Giemsa stained - Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease, l.s. of heart muscle with amastigotes - Rhodnius prolixus, Cone Nose Bug, the vector of Chagas disease - Leishmania - Life cycle - Leishmania tropica, Oriental Sore - Leishmania donovani, Kala Azar, in smear of spleen, Giemsa stained - Leishmania donovani, Kala Azar, in section of spleen - Trichomonas vaginalis, Giemsa stain - Giardia lamblia (syn. Lamblia intestinalis), Trophozoite, Iron hematoxylin stained - Giardia lamblia (syn. Lamblia intestinalis), Cyst, Iron hematoxylin - Sarcocystis tenella, section of infected muscle tissue showing the parasites in Miescher’s tubes - Entamoeba histolytica - Life-Cycle - Entamoeba histolytica, trophozoites, Iron hematoxylin stained - Entamoeba histolytica, 4-nucleate cyst, Iron hematoxylin stained - Entamoeba histolytica, section of infected intestine showing the parasites in situ - Entamoeba coli, trophozoite, Iron hematoxylin - Entamoeba coli, 8-nucleate Cysts, Iron hematoxylin  stained - Plasmodium falciparum, Life Cycle - Plasmodium berghei, blood smear, Giemsa stained - Plasmodium falciparum, blood smear, Giemsa stained - Plasmodium cynomolgi, exoerythrocytic meront (schizont) in the liver of a monkey - Plasmodium spec., l.s. of the intestine from a mosquito showing numerous oocysts resp. sporocysts on its outer surface - Plasmodium spec., section of the salivary gland from an infected mosquito showing numerous thread-shaped sporozoites in the glandular cells - Plasmodium vivax, trophozoite in an erythrocyte - Plasmodium vivax, mature meront (schizont) with merozoites and granules of the malarial pigment - Plasmodium malariae, characteristically "band form"-shaped trophozoite - Plasmodium malariae, young meront - Plasmodium falciparum, (signet) typical ring form stages, typical, in the peripheral blood - Plasmodium falciparum, gametocyte in the peripheral blood, malarial pigment and the membrane of the dehemoglobinized erythrocyte - Plasmodium gallinaceum, chicken malaria, blood smear with infected erythrocytes - Plasmodium cathemerium, bird malaria, blood smear with infected erythrocytes - Toxoplasma gondii, Pseudocyst, Giemsa stained - Toxoplasma gondii, Cyst - Nosema apis, honey bee dysentery. Section of diseased intestine with parasites - Monocystis lumbrici, smear from seminal vesicles of earthworm with sporocysts - Gregarina, from mealworm intestine - Eimeria stiedae, causes rabbit coccidiosis, section of liver shows life cycle of the parasite: schizogony, gametes, mature oocysts etc. - Babesia bigemina in a thin blood film of a cow, Giemsa stained - Balantidium coli, Iron hematoxylin stained - Platyhelminthes: - Dicroceolium lanceolatum (dendriticum), sheep liver fluke. W.m. of entire specimen showing suctorial discs, testis, vitellaria, uterus with eggs etc. - Fasciola hepatica, beef liver fluke, w.m. of entire specimen showing digestive system, gonads and all details - Fasciola hepatica, ova w.m. - Fasciola hepatica, miracidium w.m., infective ciliated larva - Fasciola hepatica, t.s. of infected snail liver (intermediate host) with sporocysts and redia - Fasciola hepatica, isolated sporocyst containing redia w.m. - Fasciola hepatica, isolated redia containing cercaria w.m. - Fasciola hepatica, isolated cercaria w.m. - Schistosoma spp. - Life Cycle - Schistosoma mansoni. Fork-tailed cercaria with penetration glands (stained blue) - Schistosoma mansoni, t.s. of two pairs in a cross sectioned vein - Schistosoma mansoni, copulating male and female, carmine stained - Schistosoma haematobium, egg with terminal spine w.m. - Schistosoma japonicum, egg without spine w.m. - Schistosoma mansoni, egg with subterminal spine w.m. - Taenia saginata and Taenia solium - Life Cycles - Taenia saginata, tapeworm, scolex without hooklets w.m. - Taenia saginata, mature proglottid stained and flat mount to show the branched uterus filled with eggs w.m. - Taenia saginata, proglottid t.s. to show cuticle, testis, uterus, and excretory canals - Taenia saginata, ova with six-hooked embryos w.m. - Taenia solium, tapeworm, scolex with hooklets w.m. - Taenia solium cysticercus (Cysticercus cellulosae), bladderworm of pig tapeworm with scolex extended, w.m. - Taenia pisiformis, mature proglottid w.m., showing the full developed sexual organs - Hymenolepis nana, dwarf tapeworm of man, scolex with protruded rostellum and suckers w.m. - Circular row of hooklets from the scolex of Hyme- nolepis nana (top view) - Hymenolepis nana, proglottids w.m. - Diphyllobothrium latum, fish tapeworm, proglottids w.m. - Echinococcus granulosus, dog tapeworm (also harmful to man), complete specimen with scolex and a few proglottids, w.m. - Echinococcus granulosus, t.s. of hydatid cyst showing brood capsules, scolices and cyst wall - Echinococcus granulosus, free protoscolices from a hydatid. Dark-field photograph - Echinococcus multilocularis. Section through a multivesicular or spongeous hydatid containing numerous protoscolices. PAS-reaction - Nemathelminthes: - Trichinella spiralis, section of infected muscle showing encysted larvae, triply stained - Trichinella spiralis, infected muscle piece flattened and w.m. to show entire encysted larvae - Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis - Life Cycles - Ascaris lumbricoides, roundworm of man and pig, t.s. of female in region of reproductive organs - Ascaris lumbricoides, t.s. of male in region of reproductive organs - Ascaris lumbricoides, egg w.m. - Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris), thread worm of man, adult female filled with ova w.m. - Enterobius vermicularis, ovum w.m. - Trichuris trichiura, egg w.m. - Heterakis spumosa, intestinal worm of chicken, adult specimen w.m. - Ancylostoma duodenale, hookworm, posterior end of male shows detail of bursa w.m. - Ancylostoma duodenale, adult female w.m. low magnification - Ancylostoma duodenale, adult male and female in copula w.m. - Ancylostoma duodenale, t.s. of adult female - Ancylostoma duodenale, egg w.m. - Dracunculus medinensis, macrophotograph - Onchocerca volvulus, filaria in subcutaneous node, t.s. - Wuchereria bancrofti, sheathed microfilaria in a "thick blood film", Giemsa stained - Arachnida: - Ornithodorus moubata, the transmitter of the tropical African type of Relapsing Fever - Borrelia duttoni (the pathogen causing the tropical African type of Relapsing Fever). Giemsa stained - Ixodes ricinus, Hard Tick w.m. - Neotrombicula autumnalis, Harvest Mite or Autumnal Chigger w.m. - Demodex folliculorum, follicle mite of humans, adult specimen w.m. carmine stained - Demodex folliculorum, human skin with parasites, section - Sarcoptes scabiei, penetrate through the epidermis, sec. of skin - Insecta: - Lipoptena cervi, louse fly, adult specimen w.m. - Pediculus humanus, human louse, adult w.m. - Phthirus pubis, pubic or crab louse, adult w.m. - Phthirus pubis, egg attached to hair, w.m. - Cimex lectularius, bed bug, w.m. - Haematopinus suis, pig louse, w.m. of adult - Stomoxys, stable fly, piercing sucking mouth parts - Culex pipiens, pupa w.m. - Culex pipiens, posterior end of larva w.m., high magnification - Culex pipiens, common mosquito, adult w.m. low magnification for general study - Culex pipiens, head and mouth parts of female w.m. - Culex pipiens, head and mouth parts of male w.m. - Culex pipiens, t.s. through the mouth parts of adult female shows labrum, mandibles, labium, maxillae, hypopharynx with the salivary duct - Culex pipiens, eggs w.m. - Anopheles, malaria mosquito, adult w.m. low magnification for general study - Anopheles, head and mouth parts of female w.m. - Anopheles, head and mouth parts of male w.m. - Pulex irritans, human flea, adult w.m. - Xenopsylla cheopis, rat flea, carrier of the bubonic plague, adult w.m. - Ctenocephalus canis, dog flea, adult female w.m. - Ctenocephalus canis, adult male w.m. - Nosopsyllus fasciatus, rat flea, adult w.m. - Ceratophyllus gallinulae, chicken flea, adult w.m. 

HUMAN DISEASES (PATHOLOGY): Abnormal alterations of cells and tissues - Parenchymatous and fatty degeneration of liver - Hemosiderosis of liver - Glycogenosis of liver - Pigmentary cirrhosis of liver - Necrotic esophagitis - Foreign body granulome with hemosiderin and giant cells - Tonsillitis - Liver cirrhosis - Injury of circulatory organs and blood- forming organs - Adiposis of heart - Cardiac callosity - Myocarditis chronica acute recidivans - Organized venous thrombosis of muscle - Infarct of spleen - Chronic myeloid leukaemia of spleen - Malarial melanemia of spleen - Anthracosis of lung - Pathologic alterations of lung and liver, tuberculosis, pneumonia - Cardiac callosity - Influenzal pneumonia - Croupous pneumonia - Chronic pneumonia - Necrotic (cheesy) pneumonia - Miliary tuberculosis of lung - Chronic tuberculous pulmonary cavity with bacteria - Icterus hepatis - Reaction of kidney after arteriosclerosis, disturbance of metabolism, and inflammation; colitis - Glomerular athrophy of kidney - Amyloid degeneration of kidney - Acute hemorrhagic nephritis - Chronic glomerulonephritis - Septic embolic nephritis - Colitis dysenterica Shiga-Kruse - Specific inflammations after infection with syphilis spirochaetes - Congenital syphilis of liver, spirochaetes silvered after Levaditi - Congenital syphilis of liver (feuerstein liver), routine stained - Gumma of testicle - Progressive alteration of injured tissues and organs (Hypertrophy and hyperplasia) - Atheroma of head - Struma colloides - Undescended testicle showing hyperplasia of Leydig’s cells - Hypertrophy of prostate - Giant cell sarcoma of maxilla - Benignant and malignant tumours - Chondroma of pubic bone - Myoma of uterus - Fibroadenoma of breast - Fibroepithelial mixed tumour of parotid gland - Melanosarcoma of skin - Spindle cell sarcoma - Carcinoma cervicis uteri - Sarcoma of testicle - Cystadenoma papilliferum of ovary - Gelatinous carcinoma of rectum - Lymphosarcoma mediastini - Metastatic carcinoma of liver.